| Job and Process Control | |
| Run job j in the background | j & |
| List jobs | jobs |
| Connect to job number n | %n |
| List all processes for user | ps -u user |
| Kill process with id pid | kill pid |
| Kill job with number n | kill %n |
| I/O Redirection | |
| Standard Output | > |
| Append to standard output | >> |
| Stardard Input | < |
| Standard Error and Output | >& |
| Essentials | |
| Logout of system | logout |
| Exit current shell | exit |
| Files | |
| List filenames | ls |
| hidden files | ls -a |
| file permissions | ls -l |
| by time | ls -lt |
| Copy files | cp old new |
| Copy file to directory | cp file dirname |
| Rename (move) file | mv old new |
| Remove (delete) file | rm file |
| Append file to file1 | cat file >> file1 |
| Change file permissions | chmod {ugo}{+-}{rwx} |
| Using less | |
| View files | less file |
| next page | <Space> |
| previous page | b |
| next line | <Enter> |
| search for pattern | /pattern |
| next occurrence | n |
| quit | q |
| Directories | |
| Make directory | mkdir dirname |
| Change directory | cd dirname |
| Remove directory | rmdir dirname |
| See current directory name | pwd |
| Current directory | . |
| Parent of current directory | .. |
| Root of filesystem | / |
| Home directory of user | ~ |
| Go to home directory | cd |
| Miscellaneous | |
| Search file for pattern | grep 'pattern' file |
| Search through history | <Up-arrow> |
| Complete file name | <Tab> |
| Compiler | |
| compile c source file | gcc -o output source.c |
| execute compiled file | ./output |
| On-line Documentation | |
| See on-line manual page | man command |
| Search for manual page | man -k keyword |
| Use on-line help system | help |