Job and Process Control | |
Run job j in the background | j & |
List jobs | jobs |
Connect to job number n | %n |
List all processes for user | ps -u user |
Kill process with id pid | kill pid |
Kill job with number n | kill %n |
I/O Redirection | |
Standard Output | > |
Append to standard output | >> |
Stardard Input | < |
Standard Error and Output | >& |
Essentials | |
Logout of system | logout |
Exit current shell | exit |
Files | |
List filenames | ls |
hidden files | ls -a |
file permissions | ls -l |
by time | ls -lt |
Copy files | cp old new |
Copy file to directory | cp file dirname |
Rename (move) file | mv old new |
Remove (delete) file | rm file |
Append file to file1 | cat file >> file1 |
Change file permissions | chmod {ugo}{+-}{rwx} |
Using less | |
View files | less file |
next page | <Space> |
previous page | b |
next line | <Enter> |
search for pattern | /pattern |
next occurrence | n |
quit | q |
Directories | |
Make directory | mkdir dirname |
Change directory | cd dirname |
Remove directory | rmdir dirname |
See current directory name | pwd |
Current directory | . |
Parent of current directory | .. |
Root of filesystem | / |
Home directory of user | ~ |
Go to home directory | cd |
Miscellaneous | |
Search file for pattern | grep 'pattern' file |
Search through history | <Up-arrow> |
Complete file name | <Tab> |
Compiler | |
compile c source file | gcc -o output source.c |
execute compiled file | ./output |
On-line Documentation | |
See on-line manual page | man command |
Search for manual page | man -k keyword |
Use on-line help system | help |